Dual citizenship in Romania allows individuals to enjoy the privileges of being both a Romanian national and a citizen of another country. Romania, as a member of the EU, recognizes the value of dual nationality, giving people access to an expanded range of rights, from freedom of movement to economic and educational advantages across Europe. This guide explains who can apply, what documents are required, and how the application process unfolds.
Who is eligible for Romanian dual citizenship
Romania permits dual nationality under several legal conditions. Applicants must fit into one of the recognized categories set by Romanian citizenship law. You may be eligible if you:
- Were born in Romania but later acquired another nationality.
- Are a descendant of Romanian citizens who lost their citizenship involuntarily (for instance, through emigration or political reasons).
- Have lived legally in Romania for at least 8 years, or 5 years if married to a Romanian citizen.
- Have demonstrated good conduct, stable income, and knowledge of the Romanian language and Constitution.
Essential requirements include:
- No criminal record or pending legal actions.
- Proof of stable living conditions and integration into Romanian society.
- Evidence of legal residence or Romanian ancestry.
These conditions ensure that new citizens can contribute to Romania’s social and economic life while maintaining strong ties with their other country of nationality.
Step-by-step: how to apply for Romanian citizenship
The application process for Romanian citizenship is transparent yet formal. Careful preparation of documents and attention to detail are crucial for a successful submission.
Main steps include:
- Collect necessary documents, such as:
- Valid passport and birth certificate.
- Proof of residence in Romania or evidence of Romanian ancestry.
- Certificate of clean criminal record from all countries of residence.
- Proof of financial stability (employment, business, or pension).
- Marriage or family documents (if applicable).
- Submit the application to the National Authority for Citizenship (Autoritatea Națională pentru Cetățenie).
- Attend an interview to confirm language skills and understanding of Romanian culture and law.
- Wait for approval, which can take between 6 and 18 months depending on document verification and administrative workload.
- Take the oath of allegiance to Romania, finalizing the process and granting full citizenship rights.
Applicants are encouraged to keep copies of all documents and translations certified by an authorized notary to avoid delays.
Benefits of holding Romanian and EU citizenship
Holding Romanian and EU citizenship offers numerous advantages both within and outside the European Union. The Romanian passport opens access to a wide range of privileges, including:
- Freedom to live, work, and study in any EU member state.
- Visa-free or visa-on-arrival travel to over 170 countries worldwide.
- Access to EU-level healthcare, education, and business opportunities.
- The right to vote and participate in local and European elections.
- Legal protection from Romanian and EU diplomatic services abroad.
In addition, Romanian dual citizenship provides a sense of cultural connection and stability, especially for those with ancestral roots in the country. It strengthens personal identity while enhancing global mobility and professional prospects.
Conclusion
Obtaining dual citizenship in Romania is a significant step toward greater freedom and opportunity. Whether through descent, long-term residence, or marriage, eligible applicants gain access to the many benefits of holding both a Romanian passport and full EU citizenship. With thorough preparation and patience, this path can lead to a lifetime of advantages across Europe.
